The ribbon foundation refers to durable and economical structures. To increase its operational period, it is necessary to fully follow the rules of the ribbon foundation.

Prerequisites for reinforcement

In connection with the different structure of the soil and the characteristics of the building, its base is subjected to uneven loads. In the presence of too long and non-ribbon basement, processes arise leading to longitudinal surface deformations.

As a result, cracks begin to appear in the foundation. And any defect that is found in the base of concrete, over time will be the cause of gradual destruction of the whole house. To impart the design of the maximum strength, reinforcement of a belt foundation.

Metal elements placed inside the concrete eliminate its stretching by taking the entire load on themselves. This makes the foundation stable to the temperature differences and the heavy weight of the supporting structures.

Selection and calculation of reinforcement

The reinforcement scheme of the belt foundation provides for the accounting of the actual load on the foundation of the house. It is this criterion that is fundamental when choosing a certain type of reinforcement and the step of its attachment.

For the manufacture of a metal frame, the following fittings are used:

• steel rods A-III, which have a diameter of 10-16 mm and a length of 6 m and more;
• connecting clamps with a diameter of 5-10 mm made from auxiliary reinforcement BP-I;
• vertical pins with a diameter of 10 mm.

The use of auxiliary reinforcement is mandatory when concreting the foundation, which has a height of over 15 cm. The purpose of the vertical rods is the compound of different reinforcement tiers and load compensation along the base of the house.

When calculating the reinforcement of the belt foundation, the following points are taken into account. The maximum load turns out to be longitudinal frames of the frame. Using ribbed reinforcement is the optimal option for the device of this part of the frame.

Thanks to the use of ribbed reinforcement, the best grip with a concrete surface is achieved. Its laying is made on the basis of the quality characteristics of the soil. The greater the difference in the soil indicators, the more thick reinforcement must be used.

As for steel rods, which are stacked along the perimeter of the foundation, their installation occurs with an indent of more than 5 cm from the top of the base, formwork and the bottom of the trench. Placed in a concrete solution, the valve must be protected from such a negative factor as corrosion.

It is worth noting that during the reinforcement with their own hands a ribbon foundation is not recommended to lay steel bars on the bottom of the foundation. This is explained by the fact that the maximum stretching zone is located in the upper part of the concrete base.

For example, if the width of the foundation is 40 cm, then the distance between the longitudinal rods will be:

• 10-30 cm - in the vertical plane (depends on the depth of the foundation and load on it);
• 30 cm - horizontally.

With the help of smooth rods, which compared to the ribbed products withstand less load, vertical and transverse frameworks are created. The distances between them are at 10-30 cm. In some cases, an increase in the step of fixing the valves up to 50 cm is allowed.

By carrying out calculations and sketching the drawings on the paper on the reinforcement of the belt foundation, it can be started to carry out installation work.

Creating a frame of metal rods

The standard reinforcement technology of the belt foundation assumes the presence of four longitudinal rods laid in the horizontal plane: two - in the upper part; Two - bottom. Between themselves, horizontal bars are connected by transverse and vertical clamps.

Installation work provides for the following steps:

• installing formwork;
• trench coating with sand and broken brick (layer of each material is 10-15 cm);
• cutting and laying longitudinal and transverse rods;
• reinforcement of angles;
• bind of reinforcement.

After the formwork device, the support of the rebuild fittings occurs. It is placed around the perimeter and in the corners of the trench. Using a plumbing, the correct vertical location of the pins is checked.

A broken brick laid on the bottom of the trench serves to create a gap for a concrete pillow. Neighboring bricks are placed at such a distance so that the possibility of providing the reinforcement frame is completely excluded. It is forbidden to use white silicate brick.

Often, instead of laying bricks around the perimeter of the trench, pins or beams made from metal are clogged. But it is incorrect, because over time, such supports are destroyed under the influence of corrosion and aggressive medium. What is the reason for the appearance of cracks in the foundation. If such supports are installed in a weak ground, the rods will be loosened and complicate the process of reinforcing reinforcement.

The brick base is covered by the longitudinal reinforcement. In the corners, it with a 25-centimeter intake is bend on the nearest wall of the trench. The fixation of the rod is made both to the supporting elements and among themselves. In the process of laying the reinforcement, its exact horizontal position is constantly checked.

Fastening the upper longitudinal reinforcement on the supporting elements is carried out using transverse pins. The size of the cells between them should be at the level of 15-40 cm. To improve the frame strength, smooth reinforcement should be bandaged.

As for transverse reinforcement, it can not be cut into pieces of a certain length, and also bend. The design will resemble rectangles that have rounded corners and equal edges.

The bending of the transverse reinforcement is made as follows:

• fittings are selected, in size equal to the perimeter of the frame;
• for fixing the rods in the chaserler are made by furrows;
• it takes to wear pipes on the rod;
• with the help of pipe reinforcement bends.

Ribbed pins with a length of up to 40 cm are drunk in the walls of the trench. Their destination is to strengthen the frame, which will not move during the basement concreting. The rod fastening step is 1.5-2 m. With the help of the wire, the pins are connected to the frame.

Particular attention is paid to quality reinforcement angles strip foundation. These sites are subject to the maximum load. The following corner reinforcing rules:

1. Mandatory strengthening of pin overlap with the help of transverse and vertical rods.
2. The flexion of the reinforcement provides for the blocking of the pins in the foundation wall by 40-50 cm;
3. If the rod has an insufficient length for releasing into the wall, the compound of various elements is carried out by means of M-shaped pins.
4. The mounting of the connecting clamps in the corners is produced at a distance, which is 2 times less than the step of the location of the clamps on direct areas.

Stopping fittings

In order for the reinforcement of a ribbon foundation in the photo and in reality completely coincided, it is necessary to properly make the strapping of metal rods. Thanks to the implementation of this procedure, reliable fixation occurs and the optimal location of the rods.

There are several ways to straighten the reinforcement. The most common are:

• the use of plastic clamps and other connecting elements;
• welding;
• using knitting wire.

When using clamps, it is not recommended to move along the collected frame. The pouring of the concrete solution is carried out with a special precaution. Otherwise, you can damage the design.

Quite often to create a frame applied welding. This technology is characterized by compressed assembly timing of the reinforced design. But there is a significant disadvantage - the places of compounding metal pins are a rather vulnerable part with the load rendered.

The most efficient way to fix fittings (albeit labor-intensive) is the use of a knitting wire with a diameter of 0.8-1.2 mm. It is cut on a billet with a length of 0.2-0.3 m. The process of strapping the rods is carried out depending on the tools used:

• pliers;
• hook and screwdriver;
• knitting pistol.

If the valve of the reinforcement occurs using pliers, the wire is folded twice, twisted and connected by the ends. To damage the wire, the pliers should be with stupid teeth.

When using the hook, the wire is also twice. With the help of the loop, the wire stretch through the hook and cling to it. Wire ends are connected in a place where pin intersect, and fit into the hook. After rotation of the hook, the knitting wire is spinning. You can use a special crochet, which is a screwdriver nozzle.

The best option is the use of a knitting pistol. With it, the automatic reinforcement of reinforcement is carried out. To do this, it is enough to send the tool's nozzle to the places of crossings of the rods and click the button. Wire is located in a gun coil.

A rust is removed from all the reinforcement before the strapping. Wire twists tightly, but not too hard. As a result of loads, it can break. Before making concreting, you need to put the sewer and ventilation pipes.

Video about the reinforcement of the belt foundation: