Construction masonry solutions differ in purpose, according to the composition and method of preparation. In essence, this is a mixture of fillers (which uses sand, slag, gravel and other materials), water and the main binder. What kinds are divided by a solution of masonry and how it is prepared, will be described further.

Classification of masonry solutions for groups and their application

Masonry solutions are five groups and differ in compression strength indicators. Properties of solutions depend on which components they are prepared.

1. The soluble group I consists of those compounds that are prepared on the basis of lime. They are used for low-rise construction (no more than two floors) for thin-walled economic structures. Outdoor masonry and construction of basements with such solutions is also unacceptable. Their disadvantage is low compressive strength.
2. Group II and IIA are solutions that use lime and cement to be mixed. They maintain compression and apply to the construction of normally loaded internal and external walls.
3. Groups III and IIIA are combined with cement-based solutions. The proportions of the components in both groups are the same, but higher requirements for group IIIA. Such solutions are needed to create pylons and supports (that is, for specially loaded structures).

Classification of solutions depending on the application

1. NM - Normal solutions: they are easily prepared. Components are selected using tables. Such mixtures are not frost-resistant and therefore designs erected with their help should be insulated or waterproof.
2. LM - Light solutions with low (less than 1.5 kg / dm³) Dry Mass density. Their composition includes light aggregates (domain pumice, ceramzite, polystyrene granules, scattered mica) and as a light aggregate - cement. To slow down the hardware process, plasticizers are added, and for bursting - pores. Due to its qualities, light solutions can be used for thermal insulation. For outdoor masonry, such material cannot be applied.
3. DM - fine solutions. They are obtained by mixing fine-grained aggregate (fraction up to 1 mm) and cement. Plasticizers and chemical additives, preventing moisture from the stone with masonry from stone, also add plasticizers.
4. Mg - suture solutions used for facial masonry polished stones. The mixture is prepared from the track or pozzolan cement, the grain filler to 2 mm and the chemical additives that increase the water repellent ability. The laying of archs are not performed using this mixture.

How to prepare plaster solutions

It will be useful to know some differences in the method of preparing masonry and plaster solutions. It should be understood that various construction mixtures are needed for different types of work.

The sequence of action during the preparation of plaster solutions is as follows:

• the proportion of components is calculated;
• the special container is poured clean water in an amount less necessary: \u200b\u200bthis is required in order to adjust the consistency at the end of the process;
• a stone aggregate is added, whose graininess is in the range of 0.125-4.0 mm and plasticizers, and if necessary, staining additives;
• a binding substance of organic origin (solutions or dispersion of synthetic resins) is added;
• the mixture is thoroughly mixed by mechanically or manually;
• to obtain a pasta-like consistency (if necessary), water is added during the mixing process.

Preparation of tiery solutions

Such mixtures are used to align the draft concrete floors and preparation of the base under the final coating. The following components are needed for the preparation of tiery solutions:

• binder (used synthetic resins, cement, cast asphalt);
• stone aggregate with graininess up to 16 mm;
• water shutters.

Durable ties (abrasion resistant) are obtained by mixtures prepared with the addition of solid fillers (for example, natural stones, electrocorundum, metal slags, silicon carbide).

Preparation of a mixture for masonry oven

For the construction of furnaces, a special masonry solution for bricks is used. The compositions of such solutions are different, from which the characteristics of the material depend.
Mixture options for masonry solutions are as follows:

• for external work, a heat-resistant mixture is necessary: \u200b\u200bmangals, furnaces and smokehouses installed in the open air are being built with it;
• for the construction of household furnaces, fireplaces and heaters, a mixture is used, suitable for laying red bricks and able to withstand temperatures up to 850 ° C;
• to create furnaces and fireplaces, whose heating temperature reaches 1750 ° C, a refractory brick is necessary and a solution that can withstand such conditions.

Solutions are Torshi, normal and fat. To obtain a skinny in the mixture there must be limestone dough, and fat - sand. Requirements for any mixture for masonry furnaces are as follows:

• it must be homogeneous, without extraneous inclusions;
• humidity should not exceed 0.5%;
• the grain of the filler is a maximum of 2.5 mm;
• density of dry mix - 1500 kg / m³;
• use the finished solution is necessary within 3 hours: it will later lose its binders;
• the strength to compress the finished solution should be at least 2 MPa.

Method of cooking for masonry furnaces

1. The mixing mixture can be produced at a temperature above zero. Water should not contain minerals, this is suitable for usual, plumbing.
2. The dry mixture is inducing with water in the proportion of 25 kg per 4 liter. Water is added in small portions during the mixing process.
3. It is necessary to obtain a homogeneous material of sour cream-like consistency.
4. Only clay can serve as a binder, since cement does not withstand high temperatures. Clay is pre-soaked and adjusted to an oily state, periodically warm up. Sand dried and sifted.
5. It is allowed to add cement for the construction of the foundation and the outer part of the chimney.
6. Add sand to clay in proportions 1: 2 or 1: 3. You can add some asbestos crumbs.
7. The finished masonry solution should be homogeneous and such a denotation so that it is convenient to work with the help of a celma.

How to prepare a warm solution

The cement masonry solution for outer walls is called warm, if prepared as follows.

1. Components are selected according to such a scheme: cement - 1 part, filler - 5 parts. The amount of water should be a quarter of the mass of dry mixture. The fillers use perlite or clay sand.
2. Dry mixture is stirred, after which the water is poured.
3. The solution is withstanding about 5 minutes, after which it is proceeded.

Prepare a solution follows a warm time, otherwise it is necessary to add chemicals that prevent water freezing. But such measures are ineffective.

Solution for ordinary ceramic brick

Brickwork is performed on a cement or lime-cement solution. For components from which masonry solution is mixed, GOST 28013-98 "Construction solutions. General specifications "prescribes quality control methods.
When choosing a solution of the solution and its composition there are some nuances. For example, if the solution is used to masonry the foundation, it is necessary to take into account the type of soil.

You can correctly determine the composition using special tables that can be found in the technical literature or on the Internet. The bracket of the mosquito solution depends on the selected proportion of the components. For example (for cement solutions), M25 (m3) corresponds to a mixture of 1 part of cement and 5 parts of sand, M50 brand (M5) - 1 part of cement and 4 pieces of sand, and M75 brand (M8) - 1 part of cement and 3 parts Sand. For kneading, portland cement M400 or M500 and pure sand with grain is not more than 2 mm.
The following information can be useful:

1. Components for the preparation of 1 m³ of the solution of the domestic brand M25: 2,064 tons of sand, 0.268 tons of cement and approximately 340 liters of water.
2. To fill out 200-liter concrete mixers, you will need: 0.33 tons of sand, 0.043 tons of cement and 54 liters of water.
3. To obtain a solution using a cement bag (25 kg), you need to add 0.192 tons of sand and 32 liters of water to it.

Solutions of higher grades (M50, M75) contain a large proportion of cement in the total mass of the mixture.
In conclusion - video tutorial with a detailed story about how the solution is preparing properly.