For the construction of buildings, various materials are used. Our article we will talk about the technology of building a house from the invoked blocks.
Content
We build a house from the invoked blocks. What is the material
The picked ceramic unit is a hollow stone of a large format that has a microporous internal structure. The main component of the block is high quality clay. For this reason, the pricked material is often used to improve the thermal insulation quality of the building.
The main difference between the reciprocated block from the ordinary brick is that clay is mixed with mineral and organic additives. When exposed to a large temperature, the additive is burned, as a result of which pores appear.
During the manufacturing process, a vacuum press is used. The presence of clear through channels and numerous longitudinal protrusions and recesses at the outer edge indicates the excellent quality of the reciprocated block.
A distinctive feature of the material is different length and thickness. Length can vary from 25 to 50 cm, thickness - from 8 to 11 cm. The width of the product is standard. It is 25 cm. All these indicators (as well as the size of window and doorways) are used when calculating the number of invoked blocks for the house.
Depending on the functional purpose, the blocks are ordinary and facial (the latter may have both relief and embossed surface).
Depending on the density, the following types of ceramic blocks distinguish:
- lungs (up to 1.5 thousand kg / 1 m³);
- heavy (over 1.5 thousand kg / 1 m³).
Characteristics of the invoked blocks
The modification of the building material depends on the compressive strength, which can range from 3.5 to 20 MPa (respectively, the blocks of blocks varies from M35 to M200).
The advantages of using ceramic blocks include:
- environmental friendliness;
- versatility;
- frost resistance (able to withstand up to 10 cycles of freezing-defrost);
- the sorption humidity indicator does not exceed 1.5%;
- absolute fireproof;
- excellent sound insulation qualities;
- sufficient vapor permeability;
- the minimum consumption of a masonry solution (25-30% lower than when laying ordinary bricks);
- resistance to the effects of the chemical environment and to the appearance of fungus and mold;
- gorgeous adhesion (at the expense of a rough surface).
Due to the unique features and composition of ceramic blocks, due to the effective adjustment of the humidity level in the residential room, the most comfortable conditions are created.
Light weight, large size, applying a working solution on a horizontal surface - all this significantly reduces construction work. The small consumption of the solution and the seamlessness of the seams is achieved due to the compound of the "groove comb".
In addition, the light weight of the walls from the invoked blocks (it is 2 times less compared to the wall made of bricks) reduces the load on the foundation. For this reason, on its construction, it is possible to save up to 35-40% of cash.
The surface of the wall from the recipient blocks remains always dry. Moreover, regardless of the time of year. According to the technical characteristics of the wall of the widen blocks, 40 cm thick corresponds to brick walls with a thickness of 108 cm. The presence of a homogeneous design eliminates the problem of cracking and cold bridges.
We build a house from the invoked blocks. Mounting work
Preparation for masonry of walls from ceramic blocks is to clean the surface of the foundation, laying the waterproofing material and the preparation of the working solution.
Waterproofing material must be waterproof. Its width must exceed the masonry thickness by 2-3 cm.
As for the working mixture, it is not recommended to use the usual cement mortar. It should be used by special glue, providing a reliable clutch of the material with the wall. By consistency, the working mixture should not be too liquid, as it will fall into the block holes. The solution must be plastic. For this reason, it should often mix.
When laying the paved blocks with their own hands, special attention is paid to the thickness of the seams. The most optimal option for high-quality masonry work - seam with a thickness of 11-13 mm. Creating too thick seam will lead to a decrease in the strength of the wall, too thin - to the impossibility of aligning errors in the horizontal plane. The application of the solution is carried out in a uniform order.
The laying scheme of the paved blocks implies the following actions:
- laying blocks in two angles;
- tensioning between them moor cords (over the outer wall);
- overlapping the working mixture to waterproofing material;
- installation of the cord of the first row of blocks (without offset in the horizontal plane);
- wetting water upper part of the first row (after 10-12 hours);
- laying the second row of blocks;
- checking the level of the vertical and horizontal wall surface;
- alignment of the blocks of rubber Cyans (if necessary);
- removal of an excess solution from the wall;
- installation of the following block rows.
The integrity of the erected design is achieved by the hard dressing device between the outer and the inner walls. For this, steel perforated anchors are used, the installation of which is made in the seams of odd rows. Also performs jumpers in places installation of doors and windows.
In case of incomprehension of the sizes, the pricked blocks are subjected to cutting. You can make it as a manual electric saw and with the help of a table circular.
Masonry work is carried out in dry weather at temperatures above 5 ° C. At night, the wall made covered with moisture-resistant material.
Two types of walls are erected from the invoked blocks:
- single-layer;
- two-layer.
In the first case, the blocks are used as a facing material and to decorate the facade. The two-layer design is created using the "wet" facade technology with the presence of a rigid heat-insulating material with a thickness of up to 10 cm.
