Water pipe - an integral attribute of a comfortable stay in the house. About the device of the plumbing system now and will be discussed.

Preparatory stage in organizing water supply in the apartment

At the initial stage:

• the diagram of pipe wiring, which is transferred to paper;
• measurements are made on a new plumbing line;
• materials are purchased and tools are harvested.

Layout scheme

There are two main water supply schemes in the apartment:

• sequential;
• parallel.

The sequential layout scheme is the easiest and economical option. It provides for the presence of one trunk tube to which the entire plumbing is connected using tees. The only nuance is that this scheme differs in low pressure in the system. Especially when too long plumbing stretches.

The parallel diagram assumes the setting of the collector, which is equipped with the valve system. Several pipes are laid from each valve to different points of water intake. The main purpose of the valve is to adjust the pressure in the system.

The high-quality water supply system consists of:

• pipes with cold and hot water;
• shut-off reinforcement;
• emergency valves and plots;
• water intake points;
• accounting devices.

The diagram should clearly display the direction of the water movement and the presence of backup devices in the case of force majeure circumstances.

One of the common water systems - from the main pipe is consistently set:

• the main ball valve;
• filter for cleaning dirty water and rust impurities;
• meter accounting meter;
• washing filter for mechanical cleaning;
• pressure reducer;
• a collector for cold water (pipes with cold water on plumbing and boiler depart, and the boiler stretch to the kitchen sink, sink and shower);
• water supply consumers.

Materials and tools

The main material for water supply is pipes. It is clear that metal pipes immediately disappear in three main reasons:

• they are rapidly wear out;
• it should be engaged in welding elements of the water supply;
• over time, a raid is formed on the inner surface of the highway.

Metalplastic

Pipes for water supply in the apartment made of metalplastic - expensive material. The highway assembly is carried out in two ways:

• using special threaded nodes equipped with gaskets;
• with the help of fittings.

Advantages of metal plasticity:

• simplicity laying water supply;
• pipes can be bent;
• low pressure losses and hydrodynamic resistance of the system.

Disadvantages of metal-plastic water supply:

• wear of the gaskets (this leads to the appearance of leaks at the joints);
• the impossibility of the hidden way of laying pipes.

Plumbing from metalplastic is mounted in the open area. For example, when connected to a washing machine, a boiler or washing.

Plastic

The most acceptable option is the use of plastic pipes from polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene.

Products from polyvinyl chloride are characterized by:

• cheap;
• heat resistance;
• sustainability to the chemical environment.

On the other hand, the polyvinyl chloride has minimal strength and "afraid of" ultraviolet rays. As a result of the connection of such pipes, fragile joints are obtained.

It is better to take advantage of polypropylene pipes. They possess all positive properties that are inherent in plastic. The only nuance is to use special equipment for soldering. The high-quality gasket of polypropylene pipes will be solved by the problem of water.

In addition to pipes, there are still valves and such fittings:

• adapters (for connecting pipes of different diameters);
• couplings (for connecting pipes of the same diameter);
• corners (when turning the highway);
• crosses and tees (for branching water supply system);
• opports (for connecting pipes in the presence of a small obstacle).

No need to acquire valves with a plastic lever. This is explained by the fact that the lever can break down with a frequency of water overlap. It is better to use ball valves with a metal lever.

To work with water supply will need such tools:

• apparatus for soldering pipes;
• nozzles to the device;
• trubores.

Calculation of pipe diameter

Naturally, a narrower tube is cheaper. But the water supply system with a small diameter of pipes is characterized by the presence of turbulization of streams. For this reason, there is a sharp drop in the bandwidth of the water supply. And this is fraught with insufficient water pressure even at normal pressure at the inlet.

To accurately calculate the optimal diameter of pipes for water supply, it is necessary to take into account such factors:

• minimum pressure - 0.3 atmospheres;
• indicator of pressure loss, which are calculated on the basis of 1 m tubes (0.05 atm) and the number of fittings (0.15 atm. / 1 \u200b\u200bpc.);
• the magnitude of the pressure loss in the meter and filters - 0.25 atm.;
• placing an apartment in a multi-storey building (for each floor is taken by 0.6 atm. From the system pressure indicator at the bottom point of the total riser);
• distance to the longest water pipeline.

To ensure normal water pressure in the system, pipes are used with a diameter:

• 2.5 cm - for a common riser;
• 2 cm - to connect to the general highway and for supplying boiler from the collector;
• 1.6 cm - when connecting all consumers with a collector.

Connecting the water supply in the apartment. Required elements of the water supply system

Replacing the water supply in the apartment involves disassembling old pipes and plumbing devices with the subsequent connection of new elements, including selective-accounting nodes.

Recommended to use the hydrogenation system (HMS) and aquastop. The main purpose of HMS is the conversion of dirty impurities of water into the composition that settles at the bottom of the cleaning filter. The HMS is an harmless element that does not need electrical energy. The only requirement is an additional installation of a water consumption meter and a flask filter.

Due to the presence of a flask filter, chlorine is removed, fine cleaning and water mitigation. And this will significantly extend the service life of the washing machine and the boiler.

In the apartment can not do without aquastop. Its purpose is to cut off the water supply system from a common riser in the event of a sharp increase in pressure in the system.

To take into account the consumption of water and control over the operation of the water pipeline, a selective accounting unit is applied. Its main elements that are mounted in the same sequence:

• ball valve;
• coarse filter;
• water consumption counter;
• check valve.

When assembling a selected account, a fum-ribbon is used. It is recommended that various meters were installed for the consumption of hot and cold water. Be sure after the installation of counters, it is necessary to call a specialist from the HSKA, which will record the readings of the accounting devices.

The process of connecting water supply in the apartment itself consists of such stages:

• installation of pipes;
• installation of plumbing;
• trial launch of water;
• elimination of defects (if available);
• connecting a boiler.

Connecting the water supply in the apartment. Mounting work

When laying polypropylene pipes, first need to be done in the walls of the shoes and note where water consumers will be placed. Plastic strips with corners under the mixers are mounted (if they are attached directly to the wall).

When attaching mixers to the wall, the thickness of the finishing material is taken into account. All nozzles are removed with a wall. Cutting and assembling pipes is best done on the table. When cutting, it should be noted that a pipe on both sides by 15 mm will be placed in fittings. Therefore, if you need to put a water pipeline with a length of 1 m, then a pipe is cut down with a length of 1.03 m.

The assembly of polypropylene water supply is carried out as follows:

• the solder apparatus with the corresponding nozzles is turned on (must be booked to + 250ºС);
• the end of the pipe and the fitting are applied to nozzles;
• preheat and softened pipe is inserted into the heated fit;
• docking elements hold hands for 1-2 minutes;
• pipe and fitting should cool and connect securely;
• pipes are attached to the wall with the help of clamps that will be hidden under the stucco.

After mounting the pipes and trial launch of the water supply system, a boiler is connected. The nozzles under it are made in advance, and the valves overlap after the final fixation of the pipes.

Video about the water supply device in the apartment: