A perfectly flat surface is very rare, on which the foundation does not need to be equipped to build construction. So, most often at home are built on sites that have certain relief deviations. We will tell you in this article how to build a foundation on the slope with your own hands.
Content
How to choose a view of the foundation
How to build a foundation on the slope? First of all, you need to choose the most suitable option. As you know, there are several types of foundations:
- Ribbon.
- Pile.
- Columnar.
When choosing a reason for building a house on a slope, you should know that such structures are erected using the same technologies as for buildings under the smooth surface.
The ribbon foundation with a minimum cost can only be equipped with gentle slopes with minor elevation angles of relief. Therefore, if you need to build the foundation of the house on the slope, it will have to spend a lot to spend on the slumber of soil, leveling the site, as well as the performance of other works. In order not to carry out expensive and time-consuming earthworks in the device of the belt foundation on the slope, it is possible to equip it in the form of a multi-level structure (steps). In this case, each such step should rely on the aligned areas of the relief.
Without special problems, a column foundation can be laid on such sections. But in this case, it will be necessary to build a supporting wall under each pillar, which enhances the resistance of the basis for transverse deformation. Without this pillars can simply slip. In general, a column foundation is only suitable for frame and wooden buildings. With ribbon options, they can even be compared.
For the coolest slopes, the pile foundation is best suited. It will securely secure the basis for the future building buildings. With the help of piles, you can equip the sole of the foundation. And this is possible at any depth. For the base, piles of 6-12 meters long are usually taken. The so-called "microshers" deepen into the ground by 2-2.5 meters. They allow us to build a foundation on the slope, the angle of inclination of which is 45 degrees. The disadvantages of this option, the basis should include what it has a small bearing capacity.
How to make a foundation on the slope
The technology of arrangement of the tape, pile and bay basis has some differences. Therefore, how the foundation will be erected, first of all depends on the selected type of base. Consider in more detail the main stages of the construction of each of the named options.
Foundation column
Such a base is set between two hills or under the slide. When building the foundation on the slope you need to equip a flat site. Moreover, it must be limited to two retaining walls. Between the lower and upper support, the space is covered with compacted soil. The bottom will not give the soil sliding, and the upper helps to restrain the soil located above. It turns out that the columnar supports are placed on a pre-aligned site, in special shurts that were placed on a sufficient depth for stability.
This type of foundation is suitable as follows:
- First of all, you need to equip the upper and lower wall. When filling the foundation on the slope, the top wall of the base is erected first, and then the lower one.
- When the walls are ready, there should be a bulk terrace between them, on the perimeter of which the shurts are taken off.
- After completing work on the shurts, they need to pour or post the pillars, and the beam or monolithic flooring should be equipped from above.
As another option, it is possible to build on a temporarily non-terraced basis of the base pillars of the foundation. And work on frustration under the terrace after installing vertical supports.
Pile Basis
This type of foundation allows you to build a house almost on any slope. Unlike other options, when this basis is erected, there is no need for earthworks. Finished piles are screwed into the ground so that the upper cut of each reference element is in the same plane. When this is done, the monolithic plate is installed on top, which will stand the house.
The pile foundation is erected as follows:
- First you need to choose the place of screwing the first pile. This is usually the top point of the future base. At the same time, the visible part of the pile should be at the level of the smallest height of the base.
- Then you should install the lower angular pile. In this case, the height of the visible part will be equal to the greatest height of the base.
- When it is done, it is necessary to pull the cable between the pile, which will show how the upper points of both supports are in the same plane. It is usually necessary to customize the height of the lower pile with the help of a hydraulic level so that the upper supports coincide in the level.
- The following two piles are screwed as well as two previous ones. That is, that the upper cut of each pile is in the horizontal plane.
- When the pile base is completed, it is possible to start working on the arrangement of a monolithic basis or frame. It is usually erected in a special formwork, which consists of sideboard and retaining bottom.
- Then the monolithic base and the used piles need to be reinforced, after which it is cutting the framework.
Ribbon foundation
Substitution of tape foundations
Existing ribbon foundations are divided into:
- monolithic
- prefabricated.
The first are made of reinforced concrete, and the second of the brick, stone and various blocks. The most popular is precisely monolithic belt foundations. This is due to the fact that they are the most durable and reliable. In addition, their installation is spent relatively little time.
As for stone or brick masonry, its arrangement requires much more time. In addition, it will serve less than a monolithic foundation from reinforced concrete. It is believed that the cement solution solidifies during the first 49 years, after which it begins to gradually return to its original state.
Ribbon foundations are also distinguished by the degree of reel:
- betented
- small breeding.
The depth of the bulletination is determined by the lower point of the primer of the soil. If the trenches dig less than this value, the foundation is considered finely grinding. Otherwise - swallowed.
The small-breeding option is usually used only on stable soils that are not inducing. In other cases, blunt bases are erected. They can be used for any weight building.
The device of the ribbon base on the slope is almost no different from the usual procedure for the construction of this base on smooth surfaces. Only there is one difference - the upper part of the base will perform more on the ground than the bottom.
In any case, the bottom of the dug trench must necessarily be strictly horizontal. In addition, it needs to be putting a pillow of concrete or sand. Formwork all over the perimeter is arranged almost on the same technology. Only when the foundation is built under the house on the slope, it will turn out higher.
How to pour the foundation on the slope
- First, the exterior framework is made. In addition, all partitions are accommodated in advance.
- When it is done, you can start digging the trench. Its width should not be less than the thickness of the wall of the future at home. It is important to know that the trenches can not dig if there are clips or pitted. Otherwise it is possible to shift and destroy the construction.
- Sometimes you need to build a house on a cool slope. In this case, it may turn out that the bottom at the beginning of the trench will be deeper than at the end. The difference can reach one meter. In this case, it is better to use other types of foundation.
- For a monolithic base, reinforcement is necessary. It is important here that the frame is necessarily solid. Therefore, it should be knitted directly into the trench, but not separately.
- The lower bearing supports must be fixed on each stage of the design separately. At the same time, the vertical rises almost to the top level of the base. Therefore, it is best to add another level of supporting design in the middle and from above. As a result, it turns out a fairly rigid base.
