The life of a modern man is unthinkable without electricity, even if he moved away from "civilization" and lives in a wooden house on the edge of the forest. Electricity saves strength, time and money, but to use it without fear get a blow or exclude wiring ignition, it is necessary to organize grounding. In the case of private homes, it has to do on its own or hire specialists. If you have experience with the electrician, read how to make grounding in a private house.

Grounding device in a private house

Grounding is called the connection of several parts of the settings that turn out to be energized. It is formed by two components: earthing and grounding conductor. The first is a few metal conductors in contact with the Earth. The second is the electric unit of the grounding with an enthusiast. A grounding device or simply grounding is called the combination of the above components.

The main ground parameter is the resistance that shows the degree of ease of current flow to the Earth. The resistance can be called the valve, which overlaps the flow of flowing current, and the less, the better. The resistance force depends on the number and depth of the grounding agents, as well as soil moisture at the moment. The most optimal option is the arming of the contour around the perimeter of the entire house or on the northern part of it, because there is always the most wet soil.

To ensure all the necessary safety conditions in a residential private house, grounding 380V or 220V should always be included in the list of electrification work and carried out simultaneously with the wiring laying. Ground contacts connect the metal housings of refrigerators, microwaves, washing machines and other home appliances with grounding. If you do not go ground in a private house, then when the device malfunction and phase failure will occur short circuit.

Danger of lack of grounding do not understand if not to consider all risk factors. It is known that the human body is 80% consists of water, which is an excellent current conductor. If a person get an electric blow, the liquid will spend the current by body, causing cramps, failure of the internal organs and burns. If the blow is strong enough, it will lead to a heart stop. At the same time, even an ordinary toaster can be dangerous for life if the "zero" broke out as a result of the emergency. For example, the insulation of the wire collapsed, he would touch the hull, a man touched the to the torter and received a discharge.

To prevent such situations all current-conducting parts of the instruments need to ground, so that the dangerous voltage occurred in the wrong place, just went to the ground. If a zero conductor breaks around the grounding device, then the ground will save its performance and will perform the "zero" function.

So, of the foregoing, it can be concluded that the ground is necessary in order to ensure safety for a person when touched on damaged devices and prevent these damage.

Grounding technology

How to make a ground in a private house yourself and can I generally start such work without the permission of the relevant instances? If you do a job correctly, and everything will work properly, you can not be afraid of fines. Measurements should show resistance no more than 4 ohms, then there will be no formal reasons to punish you. To familiarize yourself with the detailed grounding device in a private house, read the appropriate documentation (PTBE, PTEE, PUE).

If you read carefully, then in any of the documents will not find strict rules that the grounding should make exclusively paid specialists and organizations. Stripping from this, you can safely begin work and not be afraid of claims from. However, if you still hired specialists, they made a ground according to an approved energy service project, and then an accident occurred, without hesitation, demand a complete damage compensation. This is perhaps the only advantage of this method.

So, we already know that grounding consists of two parts: earthing and grounding conductor (metallia). The earthing must leave below the depth of the soil; no less than 50 cm so that it does not pushed out of the earth in the spring. Also at this depth is usually soil with a stable level of humidity. The exact data on the depth of the ground freezing, the necessary length of the grounding and their quantities, recognize in the local energy supply service.

Metal communication is a few metal parts connected into a single design with a welding machine. This design connects the upper parts of the grounding grounds. It is breeding inside the house, and the inputs can be somewhat, but one of them must be grounded by a camshaft. Grounders are associated with metropolitan - it is a grounding circuit.

The devices terminals are connected to the grounding bus (metropolitan, conducted in the house) by means of grounding conductors that may consist of several lived or be rigid uninsulated. Strategic wires must have a cross section of at least 4 mm² with yellow in the green strip color of isolation. If necessary, you can transfer the conductor to the bus.

As can be seen in the image above, grounding conductors are installed on the prepared stripped contact pads with threads under bolts at least m4. Plots must be well processed with lubricant, which will protect the metal from oxidation and not allow electrocorrosion.

The electrical resistance of the entranceing settings must be changed from the device terminal to the ground part of the ground removed from it. In fact, the conductor is part of metallia, the resistance of which should not be higher than 0.1 Ohm. One earthing will not be enough, since the earth is a nonlinear conductor, and its resistance directly depends on the contact area and voltage at the moment. The small area of \u200b\u200bthe individual earthing is not enough to provide good protection, so it is necessary to increase their number. If you set two earthing at a distance of 1-2 m, the potential plot will appear, and the effective area of \u200b\u200bcontact will increase many times. You should not put earthingers far from each other, otherwise you risk breaking the potential surface and get just two separate independent elements. The optimal distance is 1.2-2 m.

Tools and materials

Installation of grounding in a private house is not easy, so if you decide to do it yourself, stock patience, building materials and tools.

What will be needed for work:

• welding machine;
• shovel;
• a sledgehammer weighing about 5 kg;
• steel corner 50x50x4 mm 3 m and 1.5 m - 3 pcs;
• steel rod with a 14 mm cross section (in order to determine the required length, measure the distance from the installation site of the grounding circuit to the house, add height to the front; another rod will go from the contour to the house and rise to the skate to protect against lightning);
• electrodes 3 mm;
• corrugated tube to hide the cable (to find out the length, measure the point from the spike with a rod to the distribution panel);
• wire 4x4 mm lateral length with a rod to the distribution panel;
• terminal to connect the wire with a rod.

Step-by-step mounting

First, consider how to make grounding in a private house 220 V above the ground.

The image above shows the wires that go to the house (1), the rod coming out from under the ground and stretching to the disintegration point and protection against lightning (2), the ground connectivity (3), grounding cable inside the corrugation, Which goes to the distribution panel inside the house (4) and lightning protection (5).

Both rods should be welded to a grounding contour and get out of the soil. The first goes to the distribution panel, the second - to the house to the lightning loss.

So it looks like a ground wire, hidden in a corrugated pipe, supplied to a three-phase distribution panel. Also in the photo shows wooden linings that do not allow the cable and grounding rods to contact with a wall of the house.

At the skate of the house should be equipped with a lightning conductor.

The arrow indicates a grounding rod coming out from under the ground and rising to the ski beam at home. Lightning conduction is made of steel cable with a diameter of 8 mm, and the tension between the supports is provided by a conventional door spring.

The place where the wires are placed on the 3 phases and the connection of "zero" with the ground.

To carry out corrugations with grounding wire inside the house through the wall, use a metal sleeve sticking out on both sides to several centimeters. The sharp ends of the sleeve cover the plugs so that they do not cut the protective tube.

On the camshaft, the earthen lived in contact with the regular bolted connection on the door.

An underground grounding device is as follows:

1. At the installation site of the grounding circuit, the ditch was made in the form of an equilateral triangle with a side of 1.8 m, a width of 40-50 cm and a depth of 100 cm.
   
2. Recalculating the vertices of the triangle, it is necessary to score the electrodes - three steel corners of 3 m. This work is not out of simple, so help can be useful. On the one hand, the corner should be sharpened by a grinder so that they are better in the ground. Watching corners, make sure that they are located strictly perpendicular to the surface. Drink them about 50 cm or slightly deeper, but not too deep, otherwise it will be inconvenient to work with the welding machine.
   
3. We weld to the electrodes 3 of steel corner by 1.5 m, thoroughly processing all adjacent planes.
   
4. Measure the degree of resistance. The maximum value for one phase is 30 ohms. Find a socket in the house, located closest to the inside from the outside the electrodes and determine the phase indicator. Then take the usual incandescent light bulb with a cartridge, one pin to boost from the phase in the outlet, other connected to the grounding circuit. If the light bulb is bright, then resistance within the normal range, if it burns dim or not at all, it means that the resistance is too high and it is necessary to increase the contour area.
   
5. In the case of successful test results, weld one end of the rod to the corner of the circuit and pave it in the ground towards the house. Then lift it under the frontton, fold with residential at least 4 squares on copper and move to the shield. Connect the land to the door with a regular bolted bolt connection, as shown in the photos above, and distribute the land according to the technique and sockets.
   

When you finish work with a grounding contour, it will not make much difficultwhide.

Look at how to make grounding in a private house in the video below:

So, we looked at how to arrange a ground in a private house with our own hands and found out that this work is not simple. If you decide to cope with her, follow safety and use high-quality consumables.

Grounding in a private house: photo