Construction of a private house is a complex integrated task, to solve which it is necessary to spend a lot of strength and knowledge. Each of the construction stages from the marking of the trench under the fill of the foundation and to the finishing of the facade is very important. The sustainability and operational characteristics of the whole structure depends on the correctness and quality of each of them.

Special attention should be paid to the construction of jumpers above window and doorways. This is the fastest place in the whole wall, and its strength depends on the correctness of its laying. In modern construction, reinforced concrete jumpers are used. This design is quite strong and can withstand heavy loads. This allows you to build door and window openings of a large width. Brick jumpers are currently apply only in decorative purposes. About how to build a brick jumper, arch and army with your own hands, let's tell me further.

Types of brick jumpers and arch

Before you start a conversation about brick jumpers, it is worth noting the fact that they are not intended for mounting on the carrier walls. Especially if it concerns multi-storey buildings. In such cases, it is better to use concrete jumpers - either ready, or cast them in place. The maximum width of the opening, at which the use of brick jumpers is allowed - 1.7 meters. If it is planned to open more, then only concrete jumpers should be mounted.

Types of brick jumpers:

1. Private jumper. It consists of ordinary bricks that are laid in one row. This is the simplest desired jumper, which can be made with your own hands. It does not require any special knowledge and experience.
2. Clinic jumper. As the subsequent types of durable jumpers applies only as a decorative element. For its installation use a special clunk brick.
3. Basic jumper. By its design reminds clincling. The difference between these masonry is that the formal shape has a radius form, more like an arch.
4. Arched jumper. This is one of the most difficult and at the same time beautiful types of jumpers. To put them without the experience of stone work and not much need. As a rule, they are used in the work on the reconstruction of old buildings.

Laying ordinary jumper of openings with their own hands

To put a brick over the opening, the same tool is needed as for conventional brickwork:

• Trowel.
• Plumb.
• Level.
• Kiyanka.

Works on the installation of ordinary brick jumpers are not fundamentally different from the masonry of the walls.

During the installation of the ordinary jumper of the openings, it should be followed by these rules:

• Pulling of seams during brick masonry jumpers is required. Also, when conducting work, it is necessary to monitor the level of rows and comply with their verticality. Since this masonry will experience additional loads not only for compression, but also to bend (since it does not have supports), the quality of work should be at height. Special attention should be paid to the filling of the seams by cement mortar. The concrete brand must be at least 25. It must be more cement than in a conventional solution.
• The number of rows above the opening that must be laid with special quality must be at least six.
• Planting depth jumpers in the brickwork must be half a meter on each side. If a width of 1.5 meters, the length of the series should be at least 2.5 meters.

• Between the rows, brick jumpers vertical masonry are reinforced with structural steel. For these purposes, steel reinforcement with a diameter of 6-8 mm or smooth rods, the same size. The reinforcement is placed on top of the row and is covered with a solution that the next row of brick is stacked. End of reinforcement bend in the direction of the upper row.
• In order to smoothly put the brick and exclude the flow of the solution, the formwork can be mounted above the opening. On the lower board it is necessary to lay a layer of rubberoid. Next, a layer of cement mortar is laid on the surface of the formwork. Then it is necessary to drown several rods of reinforcement, which is covered by the second layer of solution.
• Removing jumpers on brickwork will be held precisely thanks to the reinforcement. After that, the procedure is repeated. In order for the reinforcement under the influence of moisture to be corrosion, the layer of the solution above it should be at least 30 mm. Laying bricks on the prepared bed can be carried out on the next day. However, formwork should not be dismantled for 2 weeks in summer or 3 years and spring.

Clinic laying for driven jumpers

The strength of such a masonry is achieved through the brick wedge, so it does not require additional reinforcement. Wedge with such stacking is achieved in two ways:

1. With the help of a special brick, one of the twists of which is much more opposite.
2. By specifying ordinary bricks with a solution.

The installation of such a jumper is made using special tapered. For work, they need three.

Types and characteristics of brick arches

Arched arch can decorate the design of any room, no matter what style of interior design is performed. Most often arched structures of bricks. They are stable, reliable and have a beautiful appearance. Moreover, the arches of the arches of brick arches will be under power to any master who carefully familiarized himself with the technology of installation work. According to its form and design, the arch resembles a semicircular jumper connecting two vertical supports among themselves. This arch is installed in the door, window and interroom openings, as well as in the furnaces and mangals. Next, consider in more detail the instruction, how to make a brick arch.

There are several varieties of brick arches:

• Full arch in the form of a semicircle. The most common type of construction. In this case, the two supports are connected by a semicircular semiconductor. Brickwork arches of this type under the power of any master who has at least some kind of skills with bricks.
• Arched arch of rectangular shape. It is a smooth jumper that connects two vertical supports. This design will very difficult to create an inexperienced master.
• Truncated arched arch. This is a very interesting design of the arch, here brick are laid out towards the truncated arc. Such a arch, as well as rectangular, is quite difficult to mount someone who has never performed a brickwork.
• Arch in the shape of a truncated cone. Such designs are installed in modern facilities furnished in modern style and high-tech.
• Rectangular arch with rounded corners. The arches of this type are mounted in rooms decorated in a romantic or classic style. In order to establish such a design, it will be necessary to free up a fairly large wall area for work.

Brickwork arched arches

After the design of the future arch identified and draw a schematic sketch, you should prepare tools and materials for work.

To perform installation work you will need:

• Bricks for the construction of an arched arch. It is better to give preference when buying a material to a wedge brick, which has a trapezoidal form.
• The solution is designed to attach bricks. It includes sand, clay and gravel.
• Circled.
• Capacity for mixing the solution.
• Rake.
• Nails.
• Struts (wedges).
• Construction level - designed to control the correctness of the work.
• Hammer.
• Lobzik.
• Marker or pencil.

Order order:

• Initially, it is necessary to make spits on the template. When mounting, the fifts should be based on the dimensions of the design specified in the sketch. For the manufacture of the template, high-quality chipboard sheets and wooden bars are pre-harvested. Then, the chipboard using the marker there are extreme design points. It should be remembered that the template is better to do 1-2 cm less than the planned arch, then it will be easier to mount it. Then the dots are connected to the arcuate line.
• According to the markup from the chipboard, it is necessary to cut the template. It should consist of two arcuate details bonded with wooden bars. Self-tapping screws should be used as fasteners for fixing the bars. The finished pattern should be performed using supports and wooden wedges to fix in the opening (where the next installation of the brick arch is planned).
• Next, it is necessary to strengthen the foundation of the arch, since the additional load on the support can cause their deformation. In addition, the unreasted arch can be collapsed over time. Concrete and bricks are used for the construction of the base.
• Then go to the construction of arched jumper for brickwork. To do this, on the sides of the template, it should be done in which further fitting elements are placed in the future. In the center of the upper arc, it is necessary to secure the castle brick, thanks to which the fixation of the arch will be ensured.

• At the next stage, the installation of the side elements of the arch and columns on which the formwork is attached. Columns are erected from concrete or brick. In order for the distance between the side racks to be the same all over the height of the supports, you should pre-cut the board, the length of which will be equal to the width of the span arches. This board needs to control the correctness of the installation work.
• After the template is fixed from all sides, go to the laying of bricks. The masonry is carried out by transverse stripes from two sides of the arch in the direction from beaten to fixed lock bricks. In order for the side supports to be the same, it is necessary to lay down the material at the same time from both sides. After the supports of the arch are erected, you should consolidate a rigid wooden bar on two sides of the design. Length of the lower seam Arch should be 6-7 cm, and the upper - 3 cm.

• Laying the arch arch, focus on the previously fixed pattern. The seams between the material fill with the solution. In the process of laying the arch, pinch bricks with wedges so that they take the right form. Mount the arch from both sides at the same time. Make sure that the fixed lock brick remains strictly in the middle of the arch.
• When the brick laying is over and the solution hardens, remove its surplus with a brush. Then you can remove the template.

How to make a brick arch: video