Laying of brick walls is a building structure consisting of ceramic artificial stones laid in a certain order of cement mortar. The strength of brickwork depends on the quality of bricks, mortar and compliance with the rules of construction. The laying technology of brick walls will become understandable after studying the material presented in the article.

The advantages of construction of bricks, types of bricks

Construction structures made of bricks are different:

• resistant to open fire;
• chemical resistance;
• seismic resistance;
• high heat insulating characteristics;
• long service life;
• aesthetic attractiveness.

This is all positive qualities, the negative refers to limit the floors of the built buildings due to relatively small compressive strength and significant specific gravity. Most often a single brick is used, the dimensions of which are 250 × 120 × 65 mm: it comfortably falls into the hand. However, there are other options:

• one-hour - 250 × 120 × 88 mm;
• double (or ceramic stone) - 250 × 120 × 138 mm.

The value of the masonry of the brick walls is reduced by saving the solution and time: loading and unloading operations and the construction of walls occur faster. In addition, the brick is full and hollow (possesses the best thermal insulation qualities). There are also ordinary (used for masonry of inner walls and seasplets) and facial bricks (for the outer surface of the buildings).

The initial stage of the brick masonry of the outer walls

1. The foundation surface should be aligned with a cement-sand tie. The drops in the level exceeding 10 mm per 2 m base must be eliminated.
2. Before performing the laying of the first row, it is necessary to take care of waterproofing. For this, two layers of rubberoid are laid over the base. It will not allow moisture in the ground, penetrate the design of the walls.
3. The first row of bricks is placed directly on the rubberoid, without the use of the solution. The wall mass will allow the building to occupy a stable position. Only the end sides of the stones are fastened.
4. Begin to carry out the masonry of the first row from the corner: bricks are located across the base. In the event that the wall thickness will exceed 250 mm (for example, masonry walls in a half of the brick), another longitudinal range is added from the inside.
5. The horizontal of the first row is controlled by a strained thread. For this, in opposite corners, one brick is installed, between which the thread is fixed. In the process of work, the mason, filling a row, is focused on the thread, if necessary, adding a solution or sealing it to the tapping of the cell.
6. Similarly, the remaining rows are put, using a vertical control plumb.

Basic rules for the construction of outdoor brick walls

Laying of ceramic brick walls is performed according to certain rules. Their observance is the key to the strength of the building structure. The main rules are as follows.

1. After laying each row of stones, the next shifts on half of the brick.
2. The first row is located with a twist outward, and the following five are oriented along the base. The transverse bandage is repeated every five longitudinal rows.
3. The bandage of bricks in the corners is performed similarly, while the seams vertically should not be on the same line.
4. The vertical of masonry in the corners is controlled by a plumb applied to both sides (neighboring outer walls). In order to lay the angles, it is easier to apply special devices, called coaches.

From bricks you can build walls of different thickness. Internal partitions (simple) most often have a thickness of 120 mm (in the poly-brick). The construction of unheated buildings of the economic purpose implies the thickness of the walls in the brick, that is, 250 mm. Residential buildings are built with walls in a half (380 mm), two (510 mm) or two and a half (640 mm) bricks. Brick is laid on the solution, which should fill all the intervals between them. The maximum allowable seam thickness is 12 mm. It can be convex or concave. Cutting seams happens:

• inletovoy;
• fit;
• extended-convex;
• extended concave.

When laying bricks, use the dressing rules.

1. The spoonful assumes the overlap of bricks in the neighboring rows of half the length.
2. The chain means overlapping seams by a quarter of the length of the stone with the observance of symmetry.
3. Cross-tissue is similar to chain, but at the same time symmetry is not respected.

To your attention the laying of brick walls: video demonstrating the main stages of the process.

Device of door and window openings

Door and window openings reduce the strength of the building structure, as its integrity is disturbed. Therefore, to form such openings is necessary in compliance with special requirements.

1. Placeing bricks where the window frame or the door block will be installed, you need to create a quarter using brick displacement. In such a deepening, the window or door will look aesthetic.
2. The upper part of the opening is formed by reinforced concrete jumper. It is allowed to use a metal chaserler or a corner of sufficient strength.
3. The geometry of the opening must be controlled by a plumbing and construction level.
4. Above the opening brick is laid in compliance with the same rules that are mandatory when erecting a solid segment of the wall.

Aropoyas: his appointment and installation rules

Armopoyas - this is laid in concrete between the rows of bricks (around the perimeter of the structure) welded grid made of steel wire. Armopoyas is necessary for:

• fastening the masonry, its "deposit";
• reduction of precipitation;
• screed walls and protection of them from the appearance of cracks;
• load distribution over window and doorways.

Installation of reinforcing belts is performed as follows.

1. As the first reinforcing belt can be used as Ruralsk. When it is made, the concrete is poured into the trench, divert for the device of a tape base. Armopoyas height is about 0.4 m, width - in the range of 0.7 - 1.2 m.
2. The second Armopoyas is arranged over the foundation blocks. It is intended for a uniform distribution of the load on the base throughout its perimeter. Installation is performed from reinforcement rods with a diameter of 10-12 mm, which are linked to the grid. A formwork is made to the height of the fill (0.2-0.4 m), in which concrete is poured.
3. The third armopoyas is mounted under the inter-storey partitions. His task is to distribute the load on the walls from the slab overlap. The fourth armopoyas should be on the second floor under the plates. Its fill is performed similarly to the third.

In addition, to harden the masonry between the rows (every three or four), the reinforcing mesh from the wire is placed.

Device of internal partitions

Internal commonness (partitions) are erected, most often, thick in the floor of the brick. This is allowed for non-carrier structures. It can be used for this can brick brick. It is distinguished by the impermanence of dimensions and not even edges. This makes it difficult to comply with the level in each row, but the lower cost of such a building material justifies its application. The quality of the surface of the walls of the internal partitions requires plastering. Reinforcement of rows of masonry is not fulfilled.

Silicate Brick Masonry Technology

Laying of silicate brick walls has some differences from ceramic brickwork. They are as follows.

1. The masonry solution is prepared with some decrease in the share of water, which is why it becomes thick.
2. The paper uses laying technologies in the clamp, in the bunch and in a bunch with trimming. Most often the technology is used in the clamp: the solution is applied with a layer of 1 cm on the brick of the previous row, roll up and then remove it to the edge of the cell, ranging from the front side. After that, the solution is applied to the stacked brick, which is pressed and ripen with rubber xyiyan. The joints of the seams are performed immediately. This method is good in that the solution tightly fills the space between bricks.
3. The technique of laying in the bonde implies the distribution of the solution on a previously laid row and sediment of bricks in terms of level. The solution displaced at the same time forms vertical seam.
4. The method "in bonding with undercrow" combines receptions of previous methods. The squeezed solution is complemented by a small portion, pressing and pressing it with a cell.
5. For better laying of silicate bricks, it is possible to pre-enhance it with immersion in water tank. This allows you to reduce the extrusion of moisture from the solution, and therefore improve adhesion.

Laying of walls from the picked brick

This building material has good thermal insulation. Larger size (compared to ordinary brick) allows you to make walls thicker. The masonry of the picked brick has the following features.

1. With the help of a lime, and not cement mortar, laying walls of bricks. Its price is higher, but he does not so much absorbs moisture, which allows you to make a house dry. You can also use special glue or warm solutions (which includes a stripped mica).
2. In order for the solution does not fill in the inner chambers, the blocks are covered with a fine grid.
3. The advantage of the invoked blocks is that with their help, construction is carried out in a more compressed period.
4. To eliminate cold bridges (if a warm solution was not used), a tape of foamed polyethylene is used.

Disassembling the masonry of brick walls

If it is necessary to disassemble the building or its parts, it is used manual, mechanical and explosive method. If you want to disassemble a small segment of the wall or remove the partition, all work is performed manually. At the same time uses tools:

• hammer, sledgehammer;
• chisel, steel wedges;
• jackhammer or puncher;
• scrap, Kirk.

During work, the following rules are followed.

1. Before demolition, the wall should be found with the help of specialists, whether it is carrier: dismantling of such elements of the structure without special training and permission of the relevant authorities is prohibited.
2. If you need to remove only part of the wall? It is necessary to take care of the temporary strengthening of neighboring structures. This is done with the help of arches, backups from metal corners and channels, wooden logs and bars.
3. Before proceeding to disassembly, turn off the power supply and remove the wiring on the dismantled area. Furniture and plumbing, fixed on the wall, must also be removed.
4. It follows in compliance with the safety regulations using a helmet, gloves, dustproof glasses and masks.
5. The walls are taken from above, removing one brick after another.
6. Old brick can be cleaned from the solution and reused.

We offer a video, clearly demonstrating the process of dismantling a brick design.