The wiring in the apartment, of course, should be invisible, hidden, because constantly tracing the entire scheme of laying wires is possible and interesting to a specialist, but it looks not aesthetically aesthetic. If a person has any experience or at least clear theoretical knowledge in the field of electricians, the installation of hidden wiring can be performed by itself. Just about this there is a question below.

Preparation for wiring

Preparations should be preceded by the procession itself.

Scheme of hidden wiring

First of all, we make a circuit of hidden wiring, following the rules of electrical work. It should be stored, it will help it very much when searching for wiring in the event of its repair. The scheme includes:

• places for which wires will be laid;
• power lines and load lighting;
• places to find sockets, switches, junction boxes and connecting them to a common wiring.

The scheme is drawn up in this way:

• draws out a plan of an apartment or a house on scale;
• applied by using generally accepted designations, all electrical workers who wish to have in the premises. Denote by lines of wiring laying. The ceiling distance is indicated - cable or gender cable.

Connection methods and wiring types

Now a little necessary theory. By constituting the scheme, it should be solved which method of the compound will be used. Connections are:

• parallel, i.e. There are 2 nodes not connected to each other. At the failure of one of the lighting elements, the chain is not broken, because The current remains a workaround;
• sequential. This, as in the Christmas tree garland, when nodes are missing, and elements are located a chain. When one element is brave, the rest also goes out.

There are 3 main types of wiring of electrical conductors:

• european, he is inappropriate, he is the "star". Here, its cable is suitable for each outlet and each separate light bulb from the apartment shield. Each electric fuel is controlled, and in the distribution dumps there is no need. Such wiring is most safe, but the wire consumption is large, and the installation takes a lot of time. In addition, the shield is needed large, it is more difficult to install it, and consequently, the cost of the posting will increase;
• something like the first, but more economical and called "Clay". The circuit may present a box for hidden wiring. This is how this layout looks like:

• in distribution cuts. This type, once used by Soviet electricians and the most encountered so far. Choose it because of the economy and simplicity. The shield is located on the landing, and from it there is a cable for each apartment.

By the way: The above types in pure form are almost never found. Most often, the wiring is performed by mixed type.

Montage rules

Everyone has its own approach to work, but there are rules that are required:

• the route of wire gaskets should be exclusively vertical or horizontal. Angles are just straight;
• under the ceiling, the wire is paired at a distance of at least 150 mm from it. Similarly from gender;
• between the corners, window frames, jambs the door and wire a distance of minimum 100 mm;
• between heating pipes and wire requires a maximum of 30 mm;
• crossing the wires is extremely undesirable, and if it does not do without it, then observe at least the minimum distance between the wires - 0.3 cm;
• simplify the task of the same location of the sockets, switches in height. Typically, the switch is located at an altitude of 0.8 m and is located on the left of the doorway, and the socket is 0.3 m. In this case, the power supply to the outlet is littered from below, and the switch is on top;
• the conductor coming out of the electric power must be about 200 mm long. Inbox at the point of the veins are isolated.

Tool for mounting hidden wiring

Without a special tool, mounting hidden wiring is difficult. That's why:

To climb the grooves, you must have at least one of the 3 tools:

• experiment;
• bulgarian;
• perforator.

Also in stock:

• pencil;
• level;
• hammer;
• chisel;
• diamond box.

Material

It is necessary to prepare:

• corrugation;
• wires of different sections. For example: supply to sockets - 2.5, and 1.5 mm square to lighting devices;
• outmeal;
• isolent;
• distribution boxes;
• dowel-clamp ((UW).

We proceed to the installation of wiring with your own hands

Armed with knowledge, material and tool, proceed to work:

• we place a pencil on the wall place allotted under the junction box. It is very convenient to use the construction level when marking;
• from the distribution, we carry out direct to the points of finding switches and sockets. Lines spend vertically. Where the wire makes turns, perform a rounding. The cable specification indicates the radius. It is usually equal to the 6-diameters of the conductor.

About all operations to be completed, more details:

Strobin

Armed with strokesis and begin:

• the work is dusty, so if there is furniture in the room, then it is better to carry it out or close something;
• we protect the face of the mask, and ear earns;
• According to the markup, we make two grooves with a depth of equal to the wire diameter plus 1 cm. The distance between the recesses of about 40 mm;
• There is space between the grooves and we liquidate it using the chisel and the hammer.

In case there is no strokeware and you use the perforator, then:

• according to the marked line, we perform a chain of holes that are 5-10 mm from each other;
• Now take the chisel, the hammer, we remove the jumpers between the holes, i.e. We do the stroke.

Blowing under sockets and switches

Under all the electrotchips also need outlets. We perform them:

• we drill a series of holes in a place where there will be a socket, or the switch, or the box. The depth of the holes is such that if you insert a socket, it should drown;
• we connect all the holes by taking into the hands of the chisel and the hammer.

Mount the cable

1. When all the plugs are made, pickled ripper rims, then insert the wires into previously trained seats and fix it using plaster.
2. We put the cable in the ships, fixing it with a dowel-clamp. For this:

• measure the necessary segments;
• at points where we will be secured, perforator drills holes using 6 mm borrow, 6 cm long;
• conditioner segment clamp a dowel-clamp and insert it into the holes. For example: for a 3-core cable that goes to lighting devices or sockets, a cross section, respectively, 1.5 and 2.5 kV. mm, UW mounts will be required, on which there is 5/10 marking. There are other types of fasteners, but the UW is the most convenient;
• the cable is smeared by plaster, pre-removing dust from the remission of the brush;
• finally, you can install the junction box.

Installation of the distribution box

Junction of the junction box - the point is responsible:

• first choose a place. Usually it is higher under the ceiling;
• carry out the shower;
• insert the camshaft in it;
• to consolidate, use cement mortar or alabaster.

Attention: When the queue comes to connect the wires in the box, schedule the end of each of them. For example: "To the electrical panel", "to sockets", "to switches". It is important that each chain marked separately. By following this advice, you save yourself from questions where and which wire is connected.

The final moment: connect wires

This process will go without difficulties, if you understand what principle wiring is running. So:

• we have wires and input, where they need to be connected;
• enter consists of 2 or 3 wires of different colors. There is a phase, "zero", grounding;
• so connect them: phase to phase, zero to narrow, land to the ground;
• when you connect sockets, we simply connect the wires of the same color.

The lighting is connected a little different:

• the outgoing phase connect with the lighting chain phase;
• incoming zero must be combined with lighting zero.

The quality of the connection is very important:

• it is 100% secured if the communication box is, because it has terminals, reliably clamping wires;
• in the absence of special terminals, a wire solder is applied.

It is done like this:

• twist the wires with each other with the help of pliers;
• we perform soldering using a special solder. If the wiring is mounted on a large area, then instead of a soldering, it is advisable to apply electrical welding;
• after all the manipulations made the junction box close.

Advice: Provide yourself free access to the camshaft - it will be easier to perform work on repair.

Wiring in trumpet

If you need to pave an indoor wiring, where the humidity is increased or there are sharp temperature differences, the cable must be protected. For this apply pipes:

• PVC;
• corrugated;
• plastic.

Wiring installation technology is the same as for conductor without protection, only:

• CV cameras are needed;
• you can admit the cables to be allowed if one of them is protected by a pipe;
• pipes, with cable inside, fasten with brackets or plaster.

Hidden wiring in ceilings, floors and plasterboard partitions

Suspended ceilings, ceilings and walls made of drywall, as well as floors - are places where you can hide the wiring, without making special recesses.

Montage in the suspended ceiling

It is very quickly possible to perform electrical wiring behind the suspended ceiling A formulated during its installation, the gap, while:

• we start with the camshaft. The conductor will go up from her;
• the cable is fixed on the main ceiling by clamps;
• cable we bring to the corrugation to warn the fire in the event of a short circuit.

Wiring for plasterboard

As in the case of a suspended ceiling, there are also emptiness for drywall, convenient for cable laying:

• wiring makes the wall or ceiling, immediately after installing the metal frame;
• cable necessarily conclude in the corrugated hose;
• further, everything, as in other cases: Sweep the conductor to the distribution box and perform a wiring to sockets, lamps and switches.

Wiring in polits

Wiring in the floors is mounted until the screed is performed. Places where the cable passes must be clearly listed on the diagram. The advantages of such a method of laying hidden wiring:

• no need to make shoes in the walls;
• more economically spent wire;
• simple execution.

How to find the hidden wiring during repair

Sooner or later, but necessarily after a while in the apartment will have to make repairs, and if not repair, then just hang a photo or picture on the wall. With hidden wiring, this may be dangerous: in the wall cable 220 volts. Do not do without a device of hidden wiring.

Smart Hidden Wiring Device

Such a device as a latent wiring detector is the thing in the economy is necessary. With it, it is determined:

• cable laying place;
• the depth on which the current explorer lies.

The photo below shows a set to detect the hidden wiring of the LKZ-700 of the Polish company SONEL:

This portable hidden wiring device finds the cable to:

• concrete;
• brick;
• tree;
• detects communications under the layer of land.

His features:

• it is possible to search for current conductors under voltage and de-energized;
• searches for breaks and short circuit;
• detects hidden wiring, both in the walls and floors, and ceilings, as well as narrowing in cable channels;
• removes the cable route laid at a depth of 2 m.

Indicator hidden wiring E121 (woodpecker)

This is the device from Eltes:

• equipped with a light-and-sound indication that is triggered when the voltage is detected, both direct and alternating current;
• performs a circuit ring for the detection of a break;
• indicates the phase wire.

Peculiarities:

• works in any position;
• charging in 0.5 minutes;
• keeps charge no less than a day;
• works at temperatures of 25-40 degrees C.

Complement information about the laying of hidden wiring with your own hands. This video is: